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Epidemiological characteristics of typhus fever in Hubei,China,2008-2021
XIE Yan-qiong, YANG Rui
Abstract （56）   HTML    PDF （616KB）（223）      
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of typhus fever in Hubei Province, China, in 2008 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for typhus fever. Methods Excel 2013, SPSS 20.0, and Joinpoint 4.9.0 were used to analyze the incidence rate, population distribution, temporal and regional distribution, onset and presentation, and type of typhus fever cases reported directly via the network in Hubei Province in 2008-2021. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the differences of incidence rates. Results A total of 623 cases of typhus fever were reported in Hubei Province in 2008-2021, among which there were 438 clinically diagnosed cases with percentage of 70.30%, 13 confirmed cases, and 172 suspected cases, and no cases of death were reported. The mean annual incidence rate of typhus fever in Hubei Province was 0.005/100 000 in 2008-2015, and it continued to increase in 2016 and reached 0.388/100 000 in 2021, which was 215.56 times that in 2008. The onset of the disease showed a sporadic trend. In the past 14 years, a total of 12 cities (prefectures) and 28 counties (districts) in Hubei Province reported the cases of typhus fever, with the feature of a certain degree of geographical concentration, and the top 3 counties (districts) in terms of incidence rate were Yingshan County (93.038/100 000), Xuan’en County (19.765/100 000), and Jianshi County (12.054/100 000). The onset time was mainly from April to November, showing a pattern of bimodal distribution. The patients aged 40-<70 years accounted for the highest proportion of 76.73%, and the male/female ratio was 1:2.2. Most patients were farmers in terms of occupation (87.16%). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 4 days, and the cases mainly came from county-level general hospitals. Conclusions The prevalence of typhus fever in Hubei Province is increasing year by year, with obvious regional and seasonal characteristics, and farmers are the population with a relatively high incidence rate of typhus fever. It is recommended to strengthen health education for key populations in high-incidence regions in summer and autumn to reduce the chance of infection and control the onset and prevalence of typhus fever.
2023, 34 (6): 772-776.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.06.012
Dengue fever knowledge and current situation of mosquito control behavior of residents in border areas of Yunnan province,China and the influencing factors
LUN Xin-chang, YANG Rui, LIN Ling-hong, WANG Jun, GUO Yu-hong, XIU Peng-cheng, LIU Qi-yong, MENG Feng-xia
Abstract （114）      PDF （1156KB）（779）      
Objective To determine the way and level of understanding dengue fever knowledge and the current situation of mosquito control behavior of residents in border areas of Yunnan province,China,to explore the publicity channel factors that affected residents' level of dengue fever knowledge and mosquito control behavior,and to put forward suggestions to improve residents' level of dengue fever knowledge and mosquito control behavior,so as to prevent the spread of dengue fever in China. Methods An offline questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese residents aged ≥11 years living in Simao district,Ruili,and Jinghong cities. EpiData 3.1 software was used to input the questionnaire results,and SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 778 questionnaires were obtained in this offline survey,and 721 respondents were aware of dengue fever,with an awareness rate of 92.67%. There were significant differences in the awareness of dengue fever among residents in Simao district,Ruili,and Jinghong cities ( χ 2=14.807, P=0.001). A further analysis of the questionnaire revealing the awareness of dengue fever showed that there were some differences in the way and level of understanding dengue fever knowledge and mosquito control behavior among residents in Simao district,Ruili,and Jinghong cities ( P<0.05). The basic personal information and publicity channel factors influencing the level of dengue fever knowledge and mosquito control behavior among residents in the three border areas were different. Conclusions The influencing factors of media publicity channels on the level of dengue fever knowledge and mosquito control behavior among residents in Simao district, Ruili, and Jinghong cities are slightly different. According to the differences in different regions,different publicity channels should be adopted to publicize and educate residents.
2023, 34 (3): 362-371.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.03.014
Comparison of seven time series models in fitting and predicting the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China
LIU Tian, YAO Meng-lei, HOU Qing-bo, HUANG Ji-gui, WU Yang, YANG Rui, CHEN Hong-ying
Abstract （128）      PDF （1681KB）（661）      
Objective To compare the performance of seven time series models in fitting and predicting the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China, and to provide a reference for optimizing early warning methods for HFRS. Methods The national incidence data of HFRS from January 2004 to June 2017 were used as training data, and the data from July to December 2017 as test data. The training data were used to build the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, exponential smoothing (ETS) model, time series linear model (TSLM), autoregressive neural network (NNAR) model, TBATS model, time series cubic spline smoothing (TSSPLINE) model, and time series generalized regression neural network (TSGRNN) model. Then these models were used to forecast the national incidence of HFRS from July to December 2017. The model fitting and prediction effect were evaluated by comparing the fitted data with the training data and the predicted data with the test data. The evaluation indicators included mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean squared error (RMSE). Results SARIMA (0,1,4)(2,1,1) [12] was the optimal SARIMA model, and NNAR (16,1,8) [12] was the optimal NNAR model. The MAPE and RMSE of fitting by SARIMA, ETS, TSLM, NNAR, TBATS, TSSPLINE, and TSGRNN were 11.46% and 0.01, 10.25% and 0.01, 33.91% and 0.03, 1.84% and 0.00, 8.92% and 0.01, 10.82% and 0.01, and 22.29% and 0.02, respectively. The MAPE and RMSE of forecasting by these models were 20.51% and 0.03, 17.22% and 0.02, 55.27% and 0.03, 36.27% and 0.05, 18.03% and 0.02, 118.82% and 0.05, and 38.71% and 0.04, respectively. Conclusion The TBATS model is the optimal model for forecasting and early warning, which is suitable for optimizing the early warning model for HFRS.
2022, 33 (4): 548-554.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.020
Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China, 2009-2020
YANG Rui, XIE Yan-qiong, LIU Li, YAO Xuan
Abstract （134）      PDF （1852KB）（711）      
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China from 2009 to 2020, and provide scientific evidence for formulating control strategies and measures. Methods The data about cases of scrub typhus reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020 were collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System in China. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence, mortality, and regional, temporal, and population distributions of scrub typhus with the use of Excel 2010, SPSS 19.0, and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares. Results A total of 364 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020, including 220 clinically diagnosed cases, 18 confirmed cases, and 126 suspected cases, in which one death was reported. The annual incidence rate was at a mean level of 0.01/100 000 during 2009 to 2015, and has been on the rise since 2016, reaching 0.17/100 000 in 2020 (42.50 times the incidence of 0.004/100 000 in 2009). Over the past 12 years, scrub typhus occurred in a total of 61 counties/districts in 15 cities/prefectures across the province, and 85.71% patients were distributed in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Shiyan, and Huanggang. It occurred mainly in April to October. Most cases (70.88%) were aged between 40 and 69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.78. Farmers accounted for 69.50% of the total reported cases. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 5 days. Clinically diagnosed cases accounted for the highest proportion (60.44%). The cases were mainly reported from county-level general hospitals. Conclusion Scrub typhus has been on the rise since 2016 in Hubei province, with rapid spreading in the affected areas, characterized by obvious regionality and seasonality and farmers being the most involved population. High-incidence areas should strengthen rodent and mite surveillance, primary-level laboratories' scrub typhus diagnostic capacity, and key populations' health education, so as to reduce the infection risk and control the epidemic of scrub typhus.
2022, 33 (4): 543-547.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.019
A study of population density, breeding habitat, and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Simao district, Pu'er, Yunnan province, China, 2020
MA Zhe, ZHENG Yu-ting, YANG Rui, XU Xiang, WEI Chun, YU Xiao-jun, YANG Chun-mei, JIANG Jin-yong
Abstract （202）      PDF （628KB）（746）      
Objective To investigate the density, breeding habitat, and sensitivity to insecticides of Aedes albopictus in Simao district, Pu'er, Yunnan province, China, and to provide a scientific evidence for mosquito control. Methods The Breteau index (BI) method was used to investigate the breeding sites of Ae. albopictus and the density distribution of larvae in five settlements selected from different orientations in Simao district in August 2020. The collected larvae were reared to F1 generation in laboratory. The filter paper contact method was used to measure the sensitivity of adult mosquitoes to nine types of insecticides. The resistance degree was determined according to the mortality rate. Results A total of 618 water containers were identified in 281 households, and larvae were found in 138 water containers in 80 households. The BI, House index, and Container index were 49.11, 28.47%, and 22.33%, respectively. The highest BI was 71.67 and the lowest was 20.00. Statistically, among the 138 mosquito-positive water containers, 92 (66.67%) were household containers and 46 (33.33%) were disused containers. The positive rates of household containers and disused containers were 17.16% and 56.10%, respectively, with a statistical difference between them ( χ 2=62.157, P<0.001). The positive rates of indoor and outdoor containers were 11.16% and 47.87%, respectively, with a statistical difference between them as well ( χ 2=101.637, P<0.001). The outdoor places had a higher positive rate than the indoor places, with an odd ratio of 7.31. The investigation demonstrated that outdoor environments were the main breeding habitats for Ae. albopictus in Simao district. Meanwhile, the mortality rates of adult Ae. albopictus exposed to nine types of insecticides ranged from 6.56% to 99.38%. These Ae. albopictus mosquitoes showed resistance to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and suspected resistance to propoxur, fenitrothion, and malathion, while they were sensitive to bendiocarb and chlorpyrifos. Conclusion Ae. albopictus is broadly distributed in the core of Simao district and is of high density. Therefore, there is a potential risk of dengue fever. It has developed varying degrees of resistance to a variety of pyrethroid insecticides. It is necessary to strengthen the regular surveillance and control of Ae. albopictus population density and insecticide resistance and environmental management.
2022, 33 (3): 360-365.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.03.009
Analysis of knowledge, attitude and practice toward dengue fever among residents in Jinghong city, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan province, China
LUN Xin-chang, YANG Rui, LIN Ling-hong, WANG Jun, GUO Yu-hong, XIU Peng-cheng, LI Hong-bin, ZHU Jin, GAO Yang, LIU Qi-yong, MENG Feng-xia
Abstract （131）      PDF （582KB）（651）      
Objectives To understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward dengue fever among residents in Jinghong city and the priorities of publicity and education,and to provide guidance and suggestions for better prevention and control of dengue fever in Jinghong. Methods The residents ≥ 11 years old living in Gasa town,Gaozhuang and Fortune Center of Jinghong were surveyed using offline questionnaires, and the other residents of Jinghong were surveyed online. Data from questionnaires were entered into Epidata 3.1, and SPSS 19.0 software was used for descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square or other tests. Results A total of 558 questionnaires were collected through online and offline surveys. The results showed that 93.89% of residents were bitten by mosquitoes. Bites mostly occurred in lawns,bushes,and at home,and various measures were used to prevent mosquito bites. With symptoms of fever,headache, and joint pain,91.73% of residents would go to hospitals for treatment. Among the residents surveyed, 525 had heard of dengue fever (94.09%),and 96.76% and 87.43% of them were aware of the fact that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes and larvae live in water,respectively. In terms of the routes to learn about dengue fever, community publicity accounted for the largest proportion of 74.10%, and the highest proportion (66.41%) of residents wished to learn more about dengue via the same route. Meanwhile, 86.10% of residents believed that avoiding mosquito bites was the most effective way to prevent and control dengue fever. Conclusion Residents in Jinghong city were aware of the transmission route of dengue fever, mosquito breeding environment,and prevention and control measures, but the awareness of mosquito breeding environment was less than that of dengue fever transmission route, and the prevention and control of mosquitoes need to be further strengthened. Community publicity, television, radio, and explanation by healthcare provider can be used to increase the publicity and education of residents on the prevention and control of dengue fever.
2022, 33 (2): 281-288.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.02.022
An analysis of epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever cases from Myanmar in Yunnan province， China， 2005-2019
LUN Xin-chang, YANG Rui, WU Hai-xia, WANG Jun, LIU Qi-yong, MENG Feng-xia
Abstract （131）      PDF （980KB）（903）      
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of transborder imported dengue fever cases in Yunnan province, China, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of transborder imported dengue fever cases in Yunnan province. Methods Data of imported dengue fever cases in Yunnan province were obtained from the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention; Excel 2016 software was used for data collation and plotting; SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis and processing of the data; ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to plot the geographical distribution of imported dengue fever cases. Results From 2005 to 2019, there were 4 660 transborder imported dengue fever cases in Yunnan province, of which Southeast Asia cases accounted for 98.99% (4 613/4 660) and Myanmar’s cases accounted for 86.06% (3 970/4 613) of the total number of imported cases from Southeast Asia. Among the imported cases from Myanmar, the number of dengue fever cases imported into Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture accounted for 62.04% (2 463/3 970), and the cases imported in October as the peak month accounted for 35.49% (1 409/3 970). Among the imported cases from Myanmar, there were slightly more males than females, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.19:1; 21-30-year-old cases had the largest proportion among all age groups, accounting for 27.71% (1 100/3 970); farmers and business service providers were the main occupations, accounting for 42.95% (1 705/3 970) and 21.49% (853/3 970), respectively. Conclusion The risk of imported dengue fever in the border areas of Yunnan province is relatively high. It is recommended to reinforce joint prevention and control, strengthen the education on prevention and control of dengue fever for key groups of local residents and enhance the surveillance of imported dengue fever cases as well as the surveillance and control of Aedes vectors in key areas.
2022, 33 (1): 108-113.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.01.020
Epidemiological and cluster characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan province, China, 2013-2020
WEI Chun, GUO Xiao-lian, YANG Rui, TANG Ye-rong, YUE Yu-juan, LIU Xiao-bo, LIU Qi-yong
Abstract （330）      PDF （1445KB）（1569）      
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and spatial cluster characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan province, China, and to provide evidence for the formulation and improvement of targeted prevention and control measures in future. Methods The data of dengue cases in Yunnan province from 2013 to 2020 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Software ArcMap 10.7 was used to plot the geographical distribution, and software SaTScan v9.3 was used to analyze the spatial clustering. Results A total of 14 031 dengue cases were reported in Yunnan province from 2013 to 2020, including 11 505 indigenous cases, 2 507 overseas imported cases, and 19 cases imported from other provinces. The epidemic showed a "zigzag" increase. The overall spatial scan statistics detected two class I clusters in Jinghong city (log-likelihood ratio[LLR]=22 647.97) and Ruili city (LLR=10 125.08), and two class II clusters in Mengla county (LLR=1 167.76) and Gengma county (LLR=1 061.22). Class I clusters were detected in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. The indigenous cases were found in 10 border counties. The overseas imported cases were mainly from southeast Asian countries and African countries, and Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos were the main source countries. The reported cases were mainly imported in the first half of the year and were mainly indigenous in the second half of the year. The number of cases began to increase in July, peaked in August to October, and began to decline in November. Among the 14 031 dengue cases, the male/female ratio was 1:0.88, and 79.78% of the cases were aged from 15 to 60 years. The top five occupations in terms of incidence were business services (20.95%), farmers (20.52%), unemployed people (11.17%), retired people (8.97%), and students (7.31%). Conclusion The situation of dengue fever in Yunnan province is serious. It is urgent to do a good job in the control and management of imported cases and the monitoring and control of vector Aedes, thus providing guarantee for sustainable control of dengue fever.
2021, 32 (6): 720-724.   doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.06.013
A genetic structure analysis of mtDNA COⅠ gene sequence of Anopheles sinensis populations in Yunnan province, China
ZENG Xu-can, XU Xiang, YANG Rui, WEI Chun, WU Lin-bo, LUO Chun-hai, SUN Xiao-dong
Abstract （271）      PDF （2192KB）（993）      
Objective To explore the genetic variation and population structure of Anopheles sinensis by analyzing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ(mtDNA COⅠ) gene of An. sinensis in Yunnan province, China. Methods From 2018 to 2019, mosquito trap lamps (Gongfu Xiaoshuai) were used to collect mosquitoes in six sampling sites, namely, Suijiang, Mengla, Tengchong, Luoping, Yuanjiang, and Funing. After the mosquitoes were identified as An. sinensis via morphology and molecular biology, the mitochondrial COⅠ gene was amplified and sequenced. MEGA 6 software was used to analyze the sequencing results, and DnaSP5 software was used to calculate the polymorphism-related indices and perform the mismatch analysis of An. sinensis populations from various areas. Arlequin 3.5.2.2 software was used to perform the analysis of molecular variance and neutrality tests and calculate the genetic differentiation ( FST values) and the number of migrants ( Nm values). Results In this study, 210 samples were successfully amplified from 6 An. sinensis populations (from six sampling sites) and there were 96 haplotypes. The haplotype diversity was 0.97 and nucleotide diversity was 0.011; the intra-population variation rate was 90.80% and the inter-population variation rate was 9.20%. Suijiang and Luoping had the highest FST value (0.21) and the lowest Nm (0.96). Apart from Tengchong, the Tajima's D values in other places were negative, and the P values were all greater than 0.05. The mismatch analysis showed that the curve had two peaks. Conclusion There is abundant genetic diversity among An. sinensis populations in Yunnan province and the rate of intra-population variation is greater than that of inter-population variation. Genetic differentiation is observed in Suijiang and Luoping, with no genetic differentiation observed in other areas. There is no population expansion of An. sinensis in Yunnan province recently.
2021, 32 (3): 265-270.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.03.002
An investigation of mosquito species and perching habit in Yuewu and Bangnai counties of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
WU Lin-bo, DONG Xue-shu, YANG Rui
Abstract （308）      PDF （469KB）（885）      
Objective To investigate the composition and perching habit of mosquito species in Yuewu and Bangnai counties of The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos), and to provide a basis for the classification of mosquito species and the prevention and treatment of insect-borne infectious diseases. Methods In June 21-29 and July 8-11, 2019, the mosquito trap lamp was used to collect adult mosquitoes in human and livestock houses in Yuewu and Bangnai counties of Laos, and the species and number of adult mosquitoes were determined by morphological taxonomic identification under a stereomicroscope. At the same time, the spoon method was used to collect the larvae, which were fed to adult mosquitoes and were used to make pinned specimens. Results A total of 17 053 mosquitoes, belonging to 32 species in 8 subgenera and 2 subfamilies, were collected by mosquito trap lamp, among which Culex subfamily accounted for 89.66% (15 290/17 053) of total mosquitoes. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant mosquito species in Yuewu and Bangnai counties, which accounted for 82.03% (13 719/16 724) and 41.95% (138/329), respectively, of all mosquitoes in these two counties. The mosquito density was 232.28 and 10.28 mosquitoes/lamp·night, respectively, in Yuewu and Bangnai counties. Three species of mosquitoes were collected by the spoon method, namely, Mimomyia ( Etorleptiomyia) luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905), Aedes ( Collessius) macfarlanei (Edwards, 1914), and Cx. ( Eumelanomyia) brevipalis (Giles, 1902). Conclusion There are abundant mosquito species in Yuewu and Bangnai counties of Laos, with Cx. tritaeniorhynchus as the dominant mosquito species in these regions, and livestock houses are the main habitat of mosquitoes.
2021, 32 (2): 213-216.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.02.018
Molecular epidemiological study of local dengue outbreak in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, China, 2019
YANG Rui-jun, HUANG Shi-teng, LYU Lei, CAO Guo-ping, YOU Jia-ling, WAN Sheng
Abstract （367）      PDF （1581KB）（952）      
Objective To determine the nucleic acid sequence of the dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1) detected in the local dengue outbreak in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, China, 2019, and to analyze its molecular characteristics. Methods Serum samples were collected from dengue patients; colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the NS1 antigen and nucleic acid of dengue virus, respectively. The RT-qPCR assay was used to amplify the envelope gene of dengue virus, which was then sequenced. The genotype of the isolated strains was analyzed, and the homology and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the dengue strains isolated from other countries and regions. Results The serum samples of patients were positive for the NS1 antigen and nucleic acid of dengue virus. The gene sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that 8 dengue virus strains all belonged to DENV-1 subgenotype GI, which had the closest phylogenetic relationship with the strain JF960228 (Singapore, 2010), with a mutation at virulence locus 1. Conclusion It was confirmed by etiology, serology, and molecular biology that the local dengue outbreak was caused by DENV-1, which may originate from Southeast Asia. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of cross-border spread of dengue fever in China and this region.
2020, 31 (5): 521-525.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.05.004
Surveillance results of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jingzhou, Hubei province, China from 2017 to 2018
LIU Tian, XIA Shi-guo, MEI Fang-sheng, HAO Hai-bo, NIE Xiao-pei, HUANG Ji-gui, YAO Meng-lei, LIU Li, YANG Rui, HU Bing, WU Yang, TONG Ye-qing, CHEN Qi
Abstract （312）      PDF （532KB）（904）      
Objective To analyze the monitoring results of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jingzhou, Hubei province, China from 2017 to 2018 for an understanding of the species, densities, and hantavirus-carrying situation of the host animals in the city. Methods From April to May (spring) of 2018 and from September to October (autumn) of 2017-2018, 1-2 villages each were selected from 8 counties (or cities/districts) of Jingzhou. Rodents were caught both indoors and in the field by the night trap method. The species of rodents were identified, and their lungs were taken for detection and classification of the nucleic acid of hantavirus by Real-time qPCR. Results From 2017 to 2018, the mean rodent density in Jingzhou was 7.02%, and the mean hantavirus-carrying rate was 13.37%. In spring, the indoor rodent density was 9.52%, and Mus musculus was the dominant species, among which no hantavirus was found; in the field, the highest density of 27.92% was in unharvested wheat fields, and Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species. The overall hantavirus-carrying rate was 12.64% in spring, and all the virus-positive A. agrarius rodents carried type I hantavirus and were captured in unharvested wheat fields. In autumn, the indoor density was 5.60%, and Rattus tanezumi was the dominant species, among which no hantavirus was found; in the field, the densities were higher in cabbage fields (12.33%), unharvested paddy fields (9.21%), and crayfish fields (5.99%), and A. agrarius was the dominant species. In autumn, the overall hantavirus-carrying rate was 13.62%; the virus-positive A. agrarius rodents carried type I hantavirus and were captured in cabbage fields and unharvested paddy fields; the virus-positive R. norvegicus carried type II hantavirus and were captured in crayfish fields and unharvested crayfish paddy fields. Conclusion In Jingzhou, the rodent density is relatively high in the indoor environment, where hantavirus is not detected; there are relatively high rodent densities and hantavirus-carrying rates in unharvested wheat fields during spring and in cabbage fields and unharvested paddy fields during autumn, and the virus-positive species are A. agrarius and R. norvegicus.
2020, 31 (4): 469-473.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.019
Whole-genome characterization of imported Chikungunya virus in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, China, 2017
WANG Xiao-guang, YANG Rui-jun, HUANG Shi-teng, CAO Guo-ping, LEI Yong-liang, YE Ling
Abstract （302）      PDF （1612KB）（966）      
Objective To perform whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from the serum sample of a febrile patient who had traveled to Bangladesh in Quzhou, 2017. Methods Blood samples were collected aseptically from the patient. The serum was separated for detection of nucleic acids of CHIKV and Dengue virus by RT-PCR. The genome-wide target gene fragments of CHIKV were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced. The whole-genome sequence was analyzed by bioinformatic programs:Contig Express, SeqMan, Clustalx V2.0, BioEdit V7.0, GENEDO and MEGA X. Results The patient's serum was positive for CHIKV nucleic acids. The sequencing data were assembled to obtain the whole-genome sequence of CHIKV strain QZ0823, containing 11 787 bp nucleotides. No mutation was found in major structural sites of non-structural proteins. For structural proteins, E1 lacked the adaptive mutation A226V; E2 lacked the new substitution mutation K252Q that might affect the neurovirulence of CHIKV; there were no Aedes aegypti adaptive mutations E1:K211E or E2:V264A. The whole genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that QZ0823 was tightly clustered with the epidemic strains in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. Conclusion The nucleotide sequences of whole genome and structural genes C-E3-E2-6K-E1 of the imported virus in Quzhou show obvious features of CHIKV. QZ0823 and the epidemic strains in Bangladesh are derived from the Eastern, Central, and Southern African genetic lineage.
2019, 30 (6): 621-625.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.06.006
Newly recorded species of gamasid mites in Yongxing Island in Hainan province, China (Acari: Mesostigmata)
ZHANG Qian, YANG Rui-rui, XIE Li-xia, CAI Bo, YAN Yi
Abstract （250）      PDF （245KB）（845）      
In order to investigate the biodiversity of gamasid mites in Yongxing Island of Sansha in Hainan province, China, gamasid mite specimens were collected in the soil around Yongxing Island in 2017. According to morphological taxonomy, there were four newly recorded species of gamasid mites in Hainan province, i.e., Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley, 1956), Gymnolaelaps weishanensis (Gu & Guo, 1997), Cosmolaelaps hrdyi (Samšiňák, 1961), and Parasitus wentinghuani (Ma, 1995). The specimens are deposited in Laboratory of Systematic and Applied Acarology, Shandong Agricultural University.
2018, 29 (6): 631-632.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.06.020
Molecular epidemiological studies on an imported dengue fever case in Quzhou city, Zhejiang
YANG Rui-jun, HUANG Shi-teng, WANG Xiao-guang, LYU Lei, CAO Guo-ping, WAN Sheng, YE Cheng-hua, CHEN Xu-fu
Abstract （264）      PDF （960KB）（834）      
Objective To understand the pathogen's epidemiological origination and molecular characteristics of the dengue fever case in Quzhou city, Zhejiang. Methods The epidemiological survey was conducted and the serum sample was collected from the imported dengue fever patient in 2017 to detect dengue virus nucleic acids and antibody. The envelope (E) gene of the virus was amplified and sequenced. The genotype of the isolate was analyzed with bioinformatics software. Results The serum sample of the patient was positive for dengue virus nucleic and anti-dengue IgM. The homologous and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate belonged to dengue virus type 1, and the sub genotype was GI. It had a closest phylogenetic relationship with the strain isolated from the case of Southeast Asia (accession number KY586429.1, KJ806941.2), sharing 99.1% and 99.7% homology in nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence respectively, indicating that it might have originated from the Southeast Asia. Conclusion The imported dengue fever case in Quzhou city might be contracted from the Southeast Asia.
2018, 29 (5): 445-447.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.006
The larvae charateristics of dengue vector mosquitoes in residential area of Gengma county, Yunnan province in 2016
TENG Xing-bo, XU Xiang, YANG Rui, LI Hua-chang, DENG Wei, ZHENG Xiao-xia, JIANG Jin-yong
Abstract （363）      PDF （341KB）（895）      

Objective To understand larval breeding and species composition of dengue vector mosquitoes in residential area of Gengma county during the seasonal peaks, in order to provide a scientific basis for control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In August 2016, the Breatu index method was used to investigate the breeding and composition of Aedes larvae in all types of water containers in 6 residential areas of Gengma county. SPSS 19.0 software was utilized for data analysis by Chi-square test, Chi-square partition test and Fisher precise probability to explore the significance of species composition and positive breeding. Results In this study, a total of 361 households were surveyed, among which 62 households were confirmed positive. In total, 1 216 water containers were found, of which 106 were positive. The Breatu index(BI), house index(HI) and container index(CI) were 29.36, 17.17, and 8.72%, respectively. All of them were the highest in Mengjian township, 85.00, 60.00, and 18.48%, respectively. The BI of 4 sites reached the outbreak level for dengue fever. The main and positive water containers were buckets, which were 408 and 31 respectively. The positive rate of Aedes breeding in different types of containers was analyzed by Chi-square partition method. The highest positive rate of used tire was 32.89%(25/76) (α=0.004, P=0.002). Compared with Qingshuihe port, the composition of Aedes species in Mengding town was not statistically significant by Fisher method (P=0.123). Conclusion Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors for dengue fever, were found in Gengma county, especially more predominant than that of Ae. albopictus in Mengding township and Qingshuihe port. The distribution range of Ae. aegypti showed the tendency of further expanding. The main types of Aedes breeding containers was used tires, followed by temporary containers, waste bottles, etc. These types of containers should be drained first, supplemented by adulticiding during the vector control operations.

2018, 29 (4): 355-357.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.04.008
Analysis of disease vector surveillance in Hubei province, China in 2015
YANG Rui, TAN Liang-fei, XIONG Jin-feng, YAO Xuan
Abstract （350）      PDF （1688KB）（905）      
Objective By monitoring disease vectors to grasp their community structure, density and seasonal fluctuation, and provide scientific data for prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases. Methods The disease vector surveillance was carried out in 17 cities and counties in 2015. Rodents and cockroaches were respectively monitored with traps set at night and glue traps; mosquitoes and flies were respectively monitored with mosquito lamps and cage traps. After data collection, SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 software were used to carry out the statistical analysis. Results Rodent density of the year was 1.05%, the highest rodent density was in villages. Mosquito density was 1.95 per lamp hour, the highest mosquito density was in livestock sheds. Fly density was 2.13 per cage, the highest fly density was in farmers' markets. Cockroach density was 0.22 per glue trap, the highest cockroach density was in farmers' markets and restaurant. The predominant species were Rattus norvegicus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Musca domestica, and Blattella germanica, respectively. The species composition of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches all have statistical significance in different habitats. Conclusion The community structure and seasonal fluctuation of vectors in Hubei province were preliminarily known, control measures should be taken depending on the situation.
2017, 28 (5): 492-495.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.023
Study on the resistance of Aedes aegypti to six common insecticides in Gengma county, Yunnan province
WANG Jian-yu, LAN Xue-mei, YANG Rui, JIANG Jin-yong, LI Hua-chang, DENG Wei
Abstract （374）      PDF （862KB）（772）      
Objective To investigate the resistance level of Aedes aegypti to six commonly used insecticides in Gengma county, Yunnan province. Methods Pupale or eggs of Ae. aegypti were collected in Gengma county of Lincang city and were reared in laboratory to the first generation. The susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to six insecticides were tested by bioassay method. The resistance level was determined by adjusted mortality. Results Aedes aegypti were exposed to 0.03% cyfluthrin, 0.25% permethrin, 0.8% alpha cypermethrin, 0.25% fenitrothion, 0.8% malathion, 0.1% propoxur for 1 h, the knockdown rate was 10.09%, 24.52%, 100%, 90.72%, 100%, and 100%. The mortality after 24 h was 10.09%, 41.94%, 64.17%, 100%, 100%, and 100%. The KT 50 was 9.70, 8.59, 0.47, 5.45, 3.55, and 0.55 accordingly. The test subjects were resistant to cyfluthrin, permethrin, alpha cypermethrin but remained susceptible to fenitrothion, malathion, and propoxur. Conclusion Aedes aegypti in Gengma county, Yunnan province showed concurrent resistant to cyfluthrin, permethrin and alpha cypermethrin. Therefore, the control strategy against Ae. aegypti by insecticides should be reevaluated accordingly in the study area.
2017, 28 (5): 444-446.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.008
Analysis of population density and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Hubei province,China,in 2016
XIONG Jin-feng, YANG Rui, TAN Liang-fei, YAO Xuan
Abstract （374）      PDF （503KB）（786）      
Objective To investigate the population density of Aedes albopictus larvae and its resistance to commonly used insecticides, so as to provide scientific data for dengue vector mosquito control in Hubei province, China. Methods The density of Ae. albopictus larvae were monitored by Breteau index (BI) method from May to October in 2016, and WHO recommended method-bioassays were performed on the collected Ae. albopictus. With reference to the S-lab (a laboratory strain from National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), insecticides resistance were tested with dipping method on larvae. Results The population density of Ae. albopictus throughout the year shows a high peak period from May to July, with the maximum index reaches 44.00 in June in Yichang city. The resistance indices were 2.50-15.00 against deltamethrin, 3.56-8.33 against beta-cypermethrin, 3.40-7.45 against permethrin, and 0.31-2.19 against temephos, respectively. Aedes albopictus at all four monitoring sites showed low resistance to beta-cypermethrin and permethrin, and was susceptible to temephos. As to deltamethrin, three sites showed moderate resistance except for the site in Jingzhou city which showed susceptible. Conclusion May to July is a key period for Ae. albopictus control. Integrated management should be adopted and the strategic use of insecticides should be considered to delay the development of resistance.
2017, 28 (4): 383-385.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.021
Investigations of indoor mosquito community characteristics and seasonal fluctuation in the southern area of Yunnan province
WANG Jian, JIANG Jin-yong, NIE Zhi-jian, YANG Ming-dong, YANG Rui, WEI Chun, CHEN Ran, SUN Ying, DONG Li-min
Abstract （397）      PDF （522KB）（902）      

Objective To study the characteristics of indoor mosquitoes, community composition, diversity, and seasonality in the south of Yunnan province, and to prevent local arbovirus infectious diseases. Methods In a village of Dai in Menghai county of Xishuangbanna prefecture in the north of Yunnan province, mosquitoes were captured by overnight trapping with ovitrap light and counted by species from June to October in 2014. Results Total of 15 391 mosquitoes were captured and were classified into 16 species of 5 genus in 3 subfamilies. The predominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis, the predominant index of them were 69.62 and 49.39(D>40). The sub-predominant species were An. argyropus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. fatigans, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus, the predominant index were 33.71, 31.79, 30.11, 16.88, and 16.48, respectively(D>10). Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielo evenness index were 1.47, 0.29, and 0.53, respectively. Statistically analysis found that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis, Cx. pseudovishnui and An. argyropus, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus with better fitness. The peak months of indoor mosquitoes were July, August and September. Conclusion The indoor mosquitoes species in the south of Yunnan province were rich with complicated composition of community and approximately equal distribution of the predominant species. The species density of mosquitoes was high and the peak population density lasted for an extended period of time.

2017, 28 (1): 42-45.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.012
Population density and insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in Wuhan, 2014
XIONG Jin-feng, TIAN Jun-hua, YAO Xuan, TAN Liang-fei, YANG Rui, PENG Qing-hua
Abstract （277）      PDF （644KB）（808）      

Objective In this study, we investigated the population densities and resistance to commonly used insecticides of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in Wuhan, Hubei province. Our results can provide new insights into field mosquito control operations. Methods According to GB/T 23797-2009, lamp traps were used to caputre mosquitoes during March to November in 2014. The larve impregnation method which is recommended by WHO, was used to determine the susceptibility of larve (LC50 with 95%CI) to deltamethrin, DDVP, DDT, propoxur and temephos. Results The population densities of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus throughout the year showed a single peak between May and June, the average density in stables was significantly higher than any other habitats. The LC50 values of deltamethrin, DDVP, DDT, propoxur and temephos of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were 0.071 7, 0.469 9, 0.766 0, 0.941 0 and 0.000 78 mg/L, and the resistance ratio were 358.50, 151.14, 42.56,9.72 and 1.30, respectively. Conclusion Our data showed that the peak population densities of adult Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus was between May and June in Wuhan, it is also the key month for mosquito control. Considering the prevalence of resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquitoes, integrated management should be promoted to delay the development of resistance.

2016, 27 (1): 32-34.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2016.01.009
Expression and DNA-binding activity of the cyclic AMP receptor proteins in Yersinia pestis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae
YANG Lin, GAO He, ZHANG Yi-quan, LIU Xia, TAN Ya-fang, GUO Zhao-biao, HUANG Xin-xiang, YANG Rui-fu, ZHOU Dong-sheng
Abstract （1255）      PDF （1207KB）（1134）      

Objective To determine expression and DNA-binding activity of the recombinant CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein) in Yersinia pestis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Klebsiella pneumoniae for the study of transcriptional interregulation. Methods The coding region of the crp gene of Y. pestis, V. parahaemolyticus and K. pneumoniae was amplified by PCR, and cloned into the BamHⅠ and Hind Ⅲ sites of a pET28a vector. The recombinant plasmid pET28a-crp was inducted into BL21λDE3. Over-expression of His-CRP in the LB medium was induced by adding 1 mmol/L IPTG (isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactoside). The over-expressed protein was purified under native conditions with nickel loaded HiTrap Chelating Sepharose columns (Amersham). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting experiments were carried out to analyze the DNA-binding activity of the three CRP proteins in vitro. Results All three purified His-CRP proteins were able to bind to the upstream DNA regions of Y. pestis (psaA), V. parahaemolyticus (toxR), and K. pneumoniae (kfuA). Conclusion Recombinant CRP proteins of Y. pestis, V. parahaemolyticus and K. pneumoniae were expressed and purified, suggesting their inter-regulatory effect on the transcription of key virulence genes of the three pathogens.

2011, 22 (3): 251-256.
Situation analysis of insecticide treatment bed net in Yunnan malaria endemic areas and its generalization strategy
ZHOU Sheng, YANG Rui, LV Quan, YANG Zhong-Hua, DU Long-Fei, YANG Ming-Dong, LI Li, DONG Ying, LI Hua-Xian, WANG Xue-Zhong, CHEN Guo-Wei, SUN Xiao-Dong, ZHOU Hong-Ning, LI Xing-Liang, YANG Ya-Ming
Abstract （1507）      PDF （323KB）（925）      

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the situation and influence factors of insecticide treatment bed net(ITN) in Yunnan malaria endemic areas and provide the measures for generalization of ITN. Methods Cross survey was used among 47 counties of Yunnan malaria endemic areas by multi?stages sampling method. Results There were 8.68% of households with ITN. The use of bed net was influenced by economic status, gender, marriage, education level, attitude to the use of ITN, malaria transmission knowledge and preventive knowledge analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion It should pay more attention to the population from poor families, woman, single and illiterate during the promotion of ITN. The use of ITN could be promoted by the transmission of malaria transmission route and preventive measures.

2009, 20 (4): 326-328.

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